The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay In the story â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† there are many problems that the characters face in the story. Near the end of the novel Huck says â€Å"But I reckon I got to light out for the territory ahead of the rest, because Aunt Sally she’s going to adopt me and sivilize me, and I can’t stand it. I been there before. † Huck doesn’t seem happy with Aunt Sally asking him to go back with her. He did have times in the story where he likes to be with the widow and he could like being civilized if he gave it a chance. Huck doesn’t want to be civilized he wants to just do what he wants and be free not having to be tied down. In the beginning of the story Huck was jumping around from house to house. First he started with Pap at his house. Then Huck went to live with the Widow at her house because he could not stand Pap, who was a drunk and would beat Huck all the time and he just couldn’t take it. Then when he moved from Pap’s to the widow’s he didn’t like it there either. The widow tried to change him and make him something he wasn’t. This is an example of what he means when he said â€Å"I been there before. † In the story you could tell that the widow was trying to keep him and have him stay there. It says â€Å"the widow found out where I was by and by, and she sent a man over to try to get hold of me. † This shows that he just wanted to break free. Another reason that shows how Huck doesn’t want to be civilized is in the quote it says â€Å"Aunt Sally wants to adopt me and sivilize me, and I can’t stand it. † Throughout the story Huck shows that he doesn’t want to be civilized and just wants to be free. This is why he just escapes and goes down the river in the raft with Jim and fakes his death in the first place. In the book Huck says â€Å"Other places do seem so cramped up and smothery, but a raft don’t. You feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft. † This quote shows exactly how Huck is and loves to be by himself. This also relates to him not wanting to go and stay with either Pap or the widow when he was put in that situation. The other part says that he feels â€Å"cramped and smothery† when he if not in the raft. The raft gave him the freedom he wanted and got and he was not about to go back to what he just escaped from with the widow. The widow and Aunt Sally wanted to do the same thing. My third reason why Huck doesn’t want to be tied down and civilized is because of the experiences he had. By Huck faking his death he was able to experience something he would of never have if he stayed where he was. One example was his encounter with the robbers; they were trying to pretend to be something that they are not and Huck got to realize that people aren’t always what they say they are. Another experience was when they dressed up Jim to get away. And the biggest lesson that he learned was that it was the right thing to do was to not turn Jim in during the time on the Mississippi river to the people around them saying that he is a fugitive slave. Also, he said that he doesn’t care if he goes to hell if they find out what he is doing. This is a big thing for him to say because he actually believes in god in a big way and is very superstitious. This was a big step for anyone at this time. It was against the law to do what Huck did by attempting to reunite him with his family by going up the Ohio or even just staying with him. During this time period and where he was from this was one of the greatest sins. Overall I feel that this quote â€Å"But I reckon I got to light out for the territory ahead of the rest, because Aunt Sally she’s going to adopt me and sivilize me, and I can’t stand it. I been there before,† is very important and relates to the entire book in many different ways. It` could show how Huck got to learn many different things on the trip, how he made a friend that he shouldn’t have at the time the story was written, or it was just not the thing to do in this time period when the book was written. Huck doesn’t want to jump from house to house because Pap is a bad Drunk and the widow wants to have him tied down. In the quote Aunt Sally want to do the same thing the widow tried to do. Through this Huck got to learn new things and make more friends. Now we know that he just wants to be free and live his own life without people â€Å"smothering† him.

Sleep Apnea Essay -- essays research papers

Sleep apnea is a common sleeping disorder where a person has experiences of not breathing during sleep. Over 20 million Americans, mostly overweight men, suffer from sleep apnea. Despite these numbers, sleep apnea is often not treated directly because its symptoms are thought to be those of depression, stress, or just loud snoring. There may be a genetic component to this disorder as it often occurs within families.People with sleep apnea stop breathing for at least 10 seconds at a time; these short stops in breathing can happen up to 400 times every night. The Greek word "apnea" literally means "without breath". There are three types of apnea: obstructive, central, and mixed.Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common type. Nine out of 10 patients with sleep apnea have this kind of apnea. If you have this type, something is blocking the passage or windpipe, called the trachea, that brings air into your body. Your windpipe might be blocked by your tongue, tonsils, or uvula. It might also be blocked by a large amount of fatty tissue in the throat or even by relaxed throat muscles. Central sleep apnea is rare. This type is called central because it is related to the function of the central nervous system. If you have this type of apnea, the muscles you use in breathing don't get the "go ahead" signal from your brain. Either the brain doesn't send the signal, or the signal gets interrrupted. Mixed sleep apnea, as the name implies, is a combinati...

Issues in Psychological Testing

Issues in Psychological Testing PSY/475 October 24, 2011 Issues in Psychological Testing What are at least two ethical issues associated with psychological testing? What impact do these issues have on the field of psychological testing? Informed consent involves the process by which a psychologist gain an individual’s voluntary consent prior to the administration of an assessment or test. As stated by Hogan (2007), â€Å"The psychologist is responsible for informing the person about the nature and purpose of the assessment† (p. 91). When providing this information it is imperative that the psychologist do so in a manner that is understandable to the examinee, it needs to be communicated on his or her level. If the patient or examinee is under the legal age of consent or in unable to authorize consent for another reason; parents, a legal guardian, or appropriate substitute must then provide consent. It is important that the psychologist convey that consent can be withdra wn at any time during the assessment process (Hogan, 2007). Exceptions to this rule exist including assessments mandated by the court or other government regulation in which case the psychologist need only explain the nature and purpose of the test as well as any limitations to the rule of confidentiality (American Psychological Association,  n. d. ). Implied consent is another exception and applies to assessments administered during the job application process and â€Å"institutional testing programs† such as school assessments (Hogan, 2007, p. 591). Test security is another ethical issue related to psychological testing. The administrator for a test must ensure that materials and scored results are kept in a secure location and not easily accessed by unauthorized persons. Care should be taken to refrain from revealing the content of a test (test items) publicly through media outlets or even casual conversations. Both of these issues are significant to the process of psychological testing. Informed consent is necessary to provide anyone volunteering to take an assessment or test the opportunity to fully consider what personal information will be revealed as well as any ramifications that may result in doing so. Participants must be afforded the chance to make this determination without the undue influence of others. Most tests require the cooperation of participants if they are expected to yield true and accurate results with any degree of reliability. Additionally, test security is significantly important as well to ensure that individuals who participate in an assessment do not have prior knowledge or exposure to the questions asked. Psychological tests are more reliable when the examinee has not had time to prepare or rehearse the answers they will provide. If the contents of assessments given to prospective employees are revealed to the public, individuals who have seen them may have a significant and unfair advantage over those who have not. What are at least two legal issues associated with psychological testing? How do these issues affect the field of psychological testing? The equal protection clause, found under Section one of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is important to psychological testing. This clause provides that all individuals shall be afforded protection under the same laws as everyone else regardless of class, race, gender, etc. According to Hogan (2007), â€Å"If a test (or anything else) operates to arbitrarily restrict the rights (including opportunities) of some individuals (citizens), then the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment becomes relevant† (p. 600). The relevance of this clause as it relates to psychological testing is that no test or measurement should be used for the purpose of identifying an individual as a specific race, gender, class, sexual orientation, religion, culture, or age. If such tests are used for the purpose of discrimination it will yield untrue or skewed results because people will not feel secure enough to disclose any personal information that could lead to them being rejected on the basis of any of these factors. The Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (or FERPA) of 1974 is another important legal issue that relates to psychological testing. FERPA guarantees that individuals, parents, or legal guardians have a right to openly access to any information about themselves, or children in the case of parents and guardians. Additionally, they can â€Å"†¦challenge the validity of information in agency files, and that unwarranted other parties do not have access to personal information† (Hogan, 2007, p. 604). With regard to testing this means that there should be access to assessment and test scores and that the release and availability of these scores is limited to specific persons unless consent has otherwise been provided. Which court case do you feel has had the largest impact on the field of psychological testing? Why? I believe the class action lawsuit Soroka v. Dayton Hudson Corporation filed in 1989 impacted the use of psychological testing in the pre-employment screening process. The lawsuit claimed that portions of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the California Psychological Inventory, which security applicant were required to take during the application process violated the â€Å"†¦privacy provisions of the California Constitution and certain anti-discrimination laws† (American Psychological Association, n. d. , Issue). The complainant contended that the required inventories contained questions that were invasive, probative, and had no significant job relevance. According to Saterfiel and Associates  (2003), the true or false questions included statements such as – â€Å"I believe my sins are unpardonable† – â€Å"I am attracted to members of my own sex† – â€Å"My sex live is satisfactory† – â€Å"I have never been in trouble because of my sexual behavior† and – â€Å"I feel sure there is only one true religion† (Saroka v. Dayton Hudson). Target used these inventories to help identify emotional characteristics that deemed to be problematic in security personnel. Target claimed to have no knowledge of the responses provided by prospective employees stating that â€Å"The tests were administered with answer sheets which were then placed in sealed envelopes and sent to the consultants for scoring and interpretation† (American Psychological Association, n. d. , Facts). Target further asserted that they received only reports from their consultants and never saw any candidate’s responses to the inventories questions. It was determined by the Superior Court that the complainants failed to establish that employment was denied based on religion, sexual orientation, or sexual traits. Upon appeal this decision was reversed and Target eventually settled the case out of court. I think this case was important to the issue of psychological testing, specifically their use in the pre-employment screening process because even when outside consultants are used, businesses and corporations administering tests such as the ones in this case, seek personal information that in most cases is not relevant to the job being sought. Subsequently, the evaluations, depending on who is completing them may display bias toward potential employees for reasons that go against the rights afforded to us under the U. S. Constitution. References American Psychological Association. (n. d. ). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct: 2010 Amendments. Retrieved from http://www. apa. org/ethics/code/index. aspx American Psychological Association. (n. d. ). Soroka v. Dayton Hudson Corp. , dba Target Stores. Retrieved from http://www. apa. org/about/offices/ogc/amicus/soroka. aspx Hogan, T. P. (2007). Psychological testing: A practical introduction (2nd ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Saterfiel and Associates. (2003). Legality Issues Supporting the Use of Pre-Employment Testing. Retrieved from http://www. employment-testing. com/legality. htm

You Are What You Eat Combating Obesoty in the United...

Those who are governed are permitted to be governed how they choose. Those who govern must put the needs of the governed first.1 Philosopher John Locke believed that humans needed to be governed similar to what Thomas Hobbes. However, John also believed that people had the right to their own personal freedoms. Currently, America is perceived as an overweight and obese country.2 In response to the speculation of the health and well being of American citizens steps have been taken to hopefully prevent the increase of the percentage of obese Americans, and also decrease the percentage altogether. John Stossel once stated in his interview â€Å"Food Nannies† â€Å"What business is yours what I put in my body?† John Stossel believed that the government†¦show more content†¦Statistics have shown that even though Americans consume less calories, the percentage of overweight and obese Americans is still on the rise.4 Restaurants have also found that even though that th e calories were posted next to the products that were being sold, that customers actually purchased even more calories since the changes were made to the menus.5 The country of Denmark was able to sustain the â€Å"Fat Tax† for a year before it was eventually repealed. While the â€Å"Fat Tax† was still being implemented by the Denmark government, citizens resorted to cheaper but equally as unhealthy junk food. As states tried to enforce the use of a â€Å"Candy Tax† the specific definition of what was candy varied greatly between store to store. Consequently, this led to store clerks not knowing what to tax and the inevitable failure of the â€Å"Candy Tax†. Americans have found the taxes set by the government both annoying and encouraging. Americans feel like the government should not force them what to eat, however, they are grateful for the choice presented and offered to be healthy. Americans have shown interest in the healthy choices offered by the government, but resent being forced into taxes. Americans have argued that adding taxes would infuriate the national populace instead of guiding the population towards living a healthier lifestyle. Public schools implement lunch rules which require students